​

​

1. Legal Responsibilities

• Know and follow laws related to health, eyesight, drink, drugs, tiredness, and mobile phone use

• Ensure vehicle is taxed, insured, MOT’d, and roadworthy

​

2. Safety Checks (FLOWER)

• Fuel: enough for journey, plan refuelling

• Lights: clean and working

• Oil: check engine oil and brake fluid levels

• Water, screenwash, coolant: know locations and check levels

• Electrics: battery, indicators, horn, warning devices

• Rubber: tyre pressure, tread depth, condition

• Check brakes and steering before driving

​

3. Cockpit Checks

• Doors closed, parking brake on

• Adjust seat, head restraint, steering wheel

• Fasten seatbelt comfortably

• Adjust mirrors correctly

• Check fuel level, gear lever in neutral/P/N

• Always adjust seat before mirrors

​

4. Security

• Stay alert, inform someone of journey details

• Keep valuables out of sight

• Park in secure places

• Use extra security like steering locks or immobilisers

​

5. Controls and Instruments

• Operate foot controls (accelerator, clutch, brake) naturally

• Use hand controls (parking brake, indicators, steering, gearstick) confidently

• Know horn use, windscreen wipers, demisters, heated windows

• Understand all instrument panel functions

​

6. Moving Away and Stopping

• Move off and stop safely on various surfaces and slopes

• Use MSM and PSL routines

• Observe surroundings and blind spots

• Coordinate accelerator, clutch, brake

• Use parking brake and steering properly

• Know where to look, when to signal, and identify safe stopping places

​

7. Safe Positioning

• Use MSM and PSL routines

• Plan ahead and maintain lane discipline

• Adapt position to road width and traffic

• Keep safe position around bends

• Know correct position on one-way streets

• Understand positioning of lorries, cyclists, and clearance needed when passing

​

8. Mirrors – Vision and Use

• Use MSM and PSL routines for mirrors

• Know when and why to check mirrors regularly

• Understand interior and exterior mirrors, including blind spots

• Interpret effects of flat, concave, and convex mirrors

​

9. Signals

• Know when and how to give clear signals (indicators, arm signals)

• Understand when signals aren’t needed

• Recognize signals from other road users and traffic controllers

​

10. Anticipation and Planning

• Use MSM and PSL routines

• Identify and respond early to hazards

• Recognize higher-risk times, places, weather

• Anticipate actions of cyclists, motorcyclists, large vehicles, pedestrians, animals, emergency vehicles

​

11. Use of Speed

• Know national speed limits and local restrictions

• Adjust speed for road, weather, traffic, pedestrians

• Understand stopping distances and safe following distances

​

12. Other Traffic

• Handle meeting, crossing, overtaking safely

• Use MSM and PSL routines

• Know right of way rules and when to give way

• Understand passing places, road markings, obstructions

• Drive confidently on all road types

​

13. Fuel-Efficient Driving

• Understand environmental impact of driving

• Reduce fuel use by planning, using higher gears, smooth driving

• Keep car well-maintained and tyres properly inflated

• Dispose of vehicle waste responsibly

​

14. Junctions

• Safely negotiate all types: T, Y, crossroads, slip roads, unmarked

• Use MSM and PSL routines

• Know rules for turning, entering, emerging

• Observe advance warning signs and priority rules

​

15. Roundabouts

• Negotiate standard, mini, multiple, satellite, traffic-light roundabouts safely

• Use MSM and PSL routines

• Position correctly and know who has priority

• Follow proper procedure for exiting

​

16. Pedestrian Crossings

• Recognize and safely use different crossings: lights, zebra, school patrol, split

• Scan effectively when approaching

• Use MSM and PSL routines

• Know speed, overtaking, parking rules near crossings

• Stop for waiting pedestrians

• Adjust for weather and visibility

​

17. Reversing

• Reverse smoothly and confidently on all types of roads and conditions

• Reverse accurately into parking spaces, driveways

• Steer correctly and observe all around

• Reverse promptly without rushing

​

18. Turning the Car Around

• Turn safely on flat and cambered roads

• Judge road width and control car fully

• Observe all around and respond to traffic

• Steer tightly without hitting kerbs

​

19. Parking

• Park smoothly and keep safe distance from others

• Observe surroundings carefully

• Know legal, safe parking locations

• Signal properly and avoid causing obstruction

​

20. Emergency Stop

• Stop quickly under full control

• Coordinate brake and clutch pedals

• Understand ABS and weather effects on stopping

• Control skids if they occur

• Move away safely after stopping

​

21. Country Roads

• Adjust speed for bends, hedges, gradients, and visibility

• Watch for vulnerable users and slow machinery

• Use MSM and PSL routines

• Understand road signs and use passing places

​

22. Dual Carriageways

• Drive safely on urban and rural dual carriageways

• Join, lane correctly, and turn right off safely

• Use MSM and PSL routines

• Know speed limits and respond to signs

• Manage breakdowns and adjust for weather

​

23. Motorways

• Learn motorway rules with instructor near test readiness

• Join and leave motorways safely

• Use mirrors and plan ahead

• Maintain safe distances and lanes

• Respond to signs and avoid fatigue

• Overtake safely and handle side winds, smart motorways, roadworks, incidents

​

24. Driving in the Dark

• Drive confidently on urban, rural, single, and dual carriageways at night

• Adjust speed for reduced visibility and bad weather

• Use correct lights and keep them clean

• Know when to use horn at night

• Park safely and legally in the dark

​

25. Weather Conditions

• Drive safely in fog, ice, snow, sun, wind, rain

• Know how weather affects visibility, speed, stopping distance, and vehicle handling

• Use car features appropriately

• Recognize and control skidding and aquaplaning

• Use lights properly in poor visibility

​

26. Passengers and Loads

• Ensure safety of all passengers, including children and animals

• Secure loads properly inside and on the vehicle

• Know seat belt rules and airbag safety with child seats

• Check doors are closed and animals restrained

• Distribute weight evenly

​

27. Independent Driving and Using a Sat Nav

• Plan ahead to avoid last-minute decisions

• Follow sat nav directions or traffic signs confidently

• Use MSM and PSL routines

• Position car correctly and use lanes properly

• Respond safely to other road users and signs​

​​